Themes Of Crime, And The Prince Of Shadows - 1765 Words

Within both The Outsiders by S.E Hinton, and The Prince of Shadows by Rachel Caine there is a key link in relation to the themes of crime, and the sympathetic portrayal of youths involved. However, there is also a significant contrast in the social contexts of each novel. The Outsiders is set in the USA during the 1960s. Throughout this period, the rise in the US economy led to the eventual ascension in gang culture and recreational drug use, all present within Hinton s novel. The Prince of Shadows however, is set in the corruption of the renaissance period in Italy. Although written in February of 2014, this early background may have influenced Rachel Caine due to the strict Catholic restrictions on love and sexuality; thus, resulting in†¦show more content†¦Ponyboy s narration also refers to other members of the Greasers gang as buddy or pal , humanising potential criminals, and thereby presenting them positively. Therefore, Ponyboy’s overall representation as a microcosm of innocent and inquisitive youthfulness presents criminal youths in a sympathetic light, particularly from the perspective of the (previously discussed) target readers. The theme of innocence is similarly depicted within The Prince of Shadows. Homodiegetic narration is likewise used by Caine to present the protagonist, Benvolio, as a seemingly sensible character trapped within the ‘mad adult world’: ‘Was this love?’ Likewise, Benvolio uses rhetorical questions to mirror Caine’s views on the cynical nature of suppressed youths, and their secret realisation of the ‘real’ and supposedly harsher renaissance world. The intellect displayed by Benvolio puts him under the listing of innocent against the rebellious, as the homodiegetic narration is used as a silent passive thought in comparison to the stereotypically barbarous actions of rebellion. However, Benvolio’s suspicious nature, shown through his questioning of commo n modern ideals, contrasts with the childlike curiosity displayed by Ponyboy through his own, more simplistic, mindful questioning. The characters’ significant difference in age lowlights the sympathy felt towards Benvolio due to him being on the

The Slavery Of The United States - 1710 Words

As far back as we reach, the keeping of slaves/ servants has been a part of civilization, and make no mistake, civilization only. Prior to that, there was no need since life was simple; hunt, gather and eat was the way to go. At the time, a slave would have been simply another mouth to feed, and they would have had to hunt as well. The â€Å"need† for slaves comes as man â€Å"civilizes† and reaches out for cheap labor. But Slavery as we know it now is not at all as it was in the past. Slaves in Babylon were allowed to own land; slaves in Greece and Rome were afforded privileges based on their status, and was mostly owned by the state. While there were incidences of cruelty, for the most part they were isolated. The Muslims kept slaves as well, and while the Qur’an doesn’t speak against it directly, it espouses good treatment of them and in particular the females. There is altogether no comparison in the way these slaves were kept and treated as op posed to in Christian Communities. Unlike many other peoples that left their homelands in search of haven or reprieve, the Africans that first landed on American soil did not get here by their own devices or will. They were taken, bound and brought here forcibly. Yes the very first were indentured laborers who were freed after their terms, but most were not. For more than 350 years slavery plagued this nation, and still today there is no real way to measure the true psychological effect on the African American community. WhileShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Assignment on It Risk Management

Question: Discuss about theAssignment on It Risk Management. Answer: Overview The report of ENISA is based on the analysis and collection of threat information of the year 2014. The changes have been analyzed which increases the attacks complexity and coordination of operation for the enforcement of the law (Mateski, 2012). The changes has been observed in the cyber security community such as Botnet has control the communication between infected machines, Blackhole has reduced the use of exploit kit, DDos attacks are reduced due to the use of infected server, SQL injection is the main tool which is used for compromising with the website, and many more. From the research it has been observed that the core security protocols are named as SSL and TLS are under immense pressure and flaws are also encountered in the implementation. The year of 2014 is categorized as the year of data breach. The agents of cyber threats are effectively works on the leakages in the security programs of government and business. The violation of the privacy, increment in the sophisticat ion, and others are some of the negative aspect of threat landscape. In the report, the topics such as list of top threats, their impact, ETL process, and others are clearly discussed in brief. ENISA Security Structure The security structure of ENISA is stands on five pillars which include defining the policy used for security, defining the scope of ENISA, assessment and management of risk, right choice in making the selection of control and lastly, the statement of applicability. The output of these pillars are developing the list of analyzed risk associated with the system, identification of weaknesses associated with the assets, strength of control used, documentation of the implemented application.. Identify Strategies for combatting Insider Threats Strategies for combatting insider threats are discussed below: Training should be provided to the employees for recognizing phishing and other threats related to social media vector Training should be properly given to maintain the knowledge and abilities of the employees (Kim, 2013) The usage of security tools should be improved The usage of software should be improved for reducing the likelihood of human error Awareness of the insider threats should be improved Security practices should be provided effectively Strategies related to web compromise activities Attack related to the watering hole Space foundation against watering hole attack User should compromise with web page in accordance with invisible Iframe The Iframe which is embedded in the page loads another page secretly Redirection of page to another page Downloading to the victims computer to the another server Building of analytics for consistency and analysis of quality It also support real time data mining Most Significant Threat Answer: The most significant attack is Denial of service attack because it can evolved due to sophistication, unpredictability, asymmetric, volumetric, computational, stealthiness, and others are some of the agents of threats. The bandwidth of the attack is continuously growing in comparison to the time window (Kumar, 2013). These attacks are usually come into existence with the combination of other attacks. In the coming future, volumetric attack will become the main attack. The detection of DDOS attack is difficult without the decryption of SSL traffic. The attacks of the application layer are the strong tools as they provide the significant impact on the application layer. The distributed denial of service attacks is most prominent where the source of attack is more than one and having unique IP addresses. This type of attacks usually occurs when one or more web servers re interconnected within the application. Key Threats Agents The Key threats agents are listed below: Cyber criminals: The main objectives of cyber criminals are to obtain maximum profit by making use of illegal activities. Intelligence and monetization are the main motivation behind these activities (Gupta, 2010). Cybercriminals are available in every sector such as finance, e-payment, e-commerce, malicious tools, and etc. Online social hackers: They plays an important role in the attacks related to phishing and stalking. Online social hackers are equipped with knowledge of social engineering which is helpful in analyzing and understanding the behavior of social targets. The tools which are used are categorized as information related to social engineering, profile information of the user, and etc. Hacktivists: The activists who are politically motivated and have faced the media attention are known as Hacktivists. There is a lack of central organization structure which help them to perform groups and sub groups (Gu, 2007). The mobilization is usually due to the decision related to politics, social crises, injustice, and etc. Nation states: Cyber intelligence capabilities have been developed in various nation states. The severe threats can be caused due to the availability of budget and resources. Corporation: The focus is on the corporate information for the growth of such activities. The collection of the information such as rights of intellectual property, innovative ideas, and etc are usually takes place Employees: The basis of motivation are extortion, profit, and revenge etc. The cyber threats usually lead to the development of data breaches. Cyber fighters: The cyber fighters are the group of attackers who are politically motivated for data breaches. Cyber terrorists: They can harm to the large scale computer server. They usually focus on the critical infrastructure. Script kiddies: This group of individual can be thrilled about the achievement related to person, group, or organization The cyber-attacks can be minimized by following emerging technologies: Cyber physical system: They work on providing protection to the critical infrastructure Mobile computing: It is the next generation architecture for the IT Cloud computing: Cloud computing technology is used by the expert for providing security. Trust infrastructure: The trust infrastructure is the important component of cyber security Big data: Big data is the valuable assets which are mainly focused by the cyber attackers. Summary of Social Hacking Issues: Answer: Social hacking works on manipulating the outcome of action related to social behavior. Social hacking restrict the accessing of the information. Social hackers take the significant steps to steal the personal information of the victim (Anthony, 2012). There are number of social hacking techniques which can be categorized as dumpster driving, tailgating, roleplaying, spear phishing, and etc. Online social hackers are equipped with knowledge of social engineering which is helpful in analyzing and understanding the behavior of social targets. From the table the trend in the probability of the cyber threats is that the ranking of the malicious code, botnets, denial of service, spam, phishing, data breaches, and information leakages is continuous increasing whereas web based attack, exploit kit, physical damage, and identity theft is continuously decreasing. The steps should be taken to stop the growth of the cyber-attacks (Vidalis, 2009). ETL Process The ETL process can be improved by focusing on the following areas: NV and SDN are working on the centralization for controlling the network. Security issues have been properly handled by NV and SDN They also helps in maintain the quality of servic Cyber physical system: They work on providing protection to the critical infrastructure. It ensures interoperability with the critical goods. Mobile computing: It is the next generation architecture for the IT. It is becoming the basis of technology convergence. Cloud computing: Cloud computing technology is used by the expert for providing security. It is mainly focus on the implementation of the security control. Trust infrastructure: The trust infrastructure is the important component of cyber security. These attacks bring the dynamic changes in the innovation. Big data: Big data is the valuable assets which are mainly focused by the cyber attackers. It is the most trustworthy tool for the security professionals. From the table, it can be predicted that denial of service attack and insider threats will be the most challenging issues for combatting in the year 2016. The bandwidth of the attack is continuously growing in comparison to the time window. These attacks are usually come into existence with the combination of other attacks. In the coming future, volumetric attack will become the main attack. The detection of DDOS attack is difficult without the decryption of SSL traffic.The distributed denial of service attacks are most prominent where the source of attack is more than one and having unique IP addresses. This type of attacks usually occurs when one or more web servers re interconnected within the application.Training should be provided to the employees for recognizing phishing and other insider threats related to social media vector. The usage of software should be improved for reducing the likelihood of human error which results into the insider threats. ENISA is satisfied with the current state of IT security because it works on improving the business life, it makes the bridge between engineered system and cyber space, surveillance is the effective tool used for cyber threat landscape, and others. The major concern of the security expert is the unknown occurrence of data breaches. The development of the new security measures takes place with every attack which takes place on the computer system (Andrew, 2011). There is a continuous increment in the sophistication of the cyber-attack. There is a major challenge for the trust infrastructure. From the research it has been observed that the core security protocols are named as SSL and TLS are under immense pressure and flaws are also encountered in the implementation. The violation of the privacy, increment in the sophistication, and others are some of the negative aspect of threat landscape. The solution of the data breaches is depends on the usage of data. Big data, mobile computing s ocial media should be properly used for preventing the information from data breaches. References: Mateski, M. (2012).Cyber threats metrics(1st ed.). New Mexico. Retrieved from https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB424/docs/Cyber-065.pdf Kim, D. (2013).Cyber threats trend analysis model using HMM(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.331.3416rep=rep1type=pdf Kumar, A. (2013).Social networking sites and their security issues(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.300.4675rep=rep1type=pdf Gupta, S. (2010).Social engineering the art of human hacking(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://sin.thecthulhu.com/library/security/social_engineering/The_Art_of_Human_Hacking.pdf Gu, Q. (2007).Denial of service attack(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://s2.ist.psu.edu/paper/ddos-chap-gu-june-07.pdf Anthony, W. (2012).Denial of service attack in sensor network(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~stankovic/psfiles/computer02-dos.pdf Vidalis, S. (2009).Analyzing of threat agent and their attributes(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.104.6908rep=rep1type=pdf Andrew, J. (2011). Threat agent library helps identify information security risks(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/cybersecurity-capacity/system/files/Intel%20-%20Threat%20Agent%20Library%20Helps%20Identify%20Information%20Security%20Risks.pdf

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example For Students

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 13th of November, 1850. As the son of a successful civil engineer he was expected to follow the family profession, but finally he was allowed to study law at Edinburgh University. Stevenson reacted violently against the Presbyterian respectability of the citys professional classes and this led to painful clashes with his parents. When he was twenty-three he became afflicted with a severe respiratory illness from which he was to suffer for the rest of his life. It was at this time that he determind to become a writer. In 1879 he nearly killed himself travelling to California to marry Fanny Osbourne. Together they continued his search for a climate kind to his fragile health. His best-known novels, â€Å"Treasure Island† (1883) and â€Å"Kidnapped† (1886) are both products of this period, as is â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† (1886), more commonly referred to as â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†. Finally he settled with his family in Samoa, where he died of cerebral hemorrhage on the 3rd of December, 1894. We will write a custom essay on The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Other books: â€Å"The Master of Ballantrae† (1889) â€Å"A Footnote to History† (1892) â€Å"In the South Seas† (1896) Plot: Mr. Utterson, a lawyer, and his cousin, Mr. Enfield, were taking their customary Sunday morning walk in London, when they passed a gloomy house in a narrow street. Mr. Enfield told his companion that he had a frightening experience with an ugly-looking man who ran down a little girl at the doorway of the old building. His name was Hyde! Utterson knew a little about Hyde, and Hydes strange connection with the respectable physician Dr. Jekyll, who also lived in this house. He knew about Jekylls will, which provided that all his possessions were to pass to Edward Hyde, in case of Jekylls â€Å"disappearance or unexplained absence for any period exceeding three calendar months† Utterson decided to make investigations. He called on Dr. Jekylls friend, Dr. Lanyon, who was very ill and exhausted and told him that Dr. Jekyll was no longer the man he used to be. Utterson spoke to Jekyll and offered to help him with Mr. Hyde, but that was impossible. About a year later Sir Danvers Carew, a client of Utterson, was found murdered and a maid recognized Mr. Hyde as his murderer. But Hyde had disappeared and Dr. Jekyll showed Utterson and the police a letter signed by Hyde in which he wrote that he was going away for ever. As Dr. Lanyon died, Utterson found an envelope marked â€Å"Not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Henry Jekyll†. One night Poole, Jekylls butler, called on Utterson. He reported that his master had shut himself up in his laboratory for a week, writting curious notes in which he asked the butler to get him certain drugs. They went to Jekylls house because they thought that Jekyll was murdered by Hyde. But inside they found Edward Hyde, dead, with a bottle poison beside him. There was not a trace of Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Lanyons envelope solved the mystery. He found out that Jekyll and Hyde were the same person. And this was his death. Dr. Jekylls own letter of confession was more detailed. He had invented a chemical which changed him completely from the kind and respectable Dr. Jekyll into the horrible Mr. Hyde. So he can do all the bad things he always wanted. But after a time he could no longer get the chemicals necessary to transform him back into his better self. There was no way but to kill himself. .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .postImageUrl , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:hover , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:visited , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:active { border:0!important; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:active , .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u030ed2e5a35a35855537410fb116b66c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll EssayCharacters: Dr. Henry Jekyll: He is a prominent, popular London scientist of perhaps fifty. Jekyll is a large, handsome man. In the last phase of the story he tells us about himself. He is seen as a respectable man engaged in a worthy profession. He has been fascinated with the theory that man has a â€Å"good† side and a â€Å"bad† side, and he investigated the theory. His investigations were successful, the undeveloped evil side of his nature was set free. His evil dimension took the form of Mr. Edward Hyde: Dr. Jekyll, in becoming Mr. Hyde, is liberating himself. He sets himself free from moral restraint and becomes beast-like, subhuman and pure evil. After the change he was slighter, smaller and younger than Jekyll. Mr. Utterson: He is a lawyer and a man of a rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile; cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary and somehow lovable. His friends were those of his own blood or those whom he had known longest and this united him to them. Mr. Richard Enfield: He is Uttersons distant cousin and the well-known man about town. His relationship to Utterson is cool and distant and there is no real intimacy. Dr. Hastie Lanyon: He was a gentleman with good manners, about 50 years old, and a lifelong friend and collegue of Dr. Jekyll. Utterson, Jekyll and Lanyon were very good friends. Poole: He was Dr. Jekylls devoted butler. When the strange actions around Jekylls house started he always informed the loyal friends. Interpretation: Stevenson wants to show that even in an apparently respectable man there is the potential of the evil and that nearly everyone is leading a doublelife within oneself. The theme is the division of one man into a dual personality. The division is caused by conflict between good and evil. Dr. Jekyll is the good person, Mr. Hyde is the bad one. â€Å"Hyde† has two meanings: In the beginning he is â€Å"hiding† for everyone. Utterson says: â€Å"If he is Mr. Hyde, I will be Mr. Seek.† Dr. Jekyll can â€Å"hide† himself in this person to do all the bad things he always wanted. Personal comment: It is a frightening but also gripping book. Although the characters are highly educated the language is still easy to understand. The book shows us that every man has a good and a bad side. Even the best educated and politest men or women can sometimes have a day or a situation where they want to show the evil just to be good again the next time. But if you give the bad side a chance (as Dr. Jekyll did with his drugs), the bad side will dominate until you wont have a good side any more.

Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Essay Example

Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Essay Example Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Paper Shakespeares use of minor characters in Macbeth and Othello Paper Essay Topic: Othello Shakespeare tends to use his minor characters to allow a brief interlude of comic relief in his tragedies. However, these minor characters are also pivotal characters through which Shakespeare can convey much deeper and darker meanings to the audience whilst using black humour. The minor characters of the Porter in Macbeth and the Clown in Othello are both seen as comic characters whose main purpose would initially be expected as bringing comedy to the stage, yet the scenes in which they are involved and the characters themselves are much more significant than may first appear. Shakespeare is using these minor characters to contrast the element of dark comedy with tragedy enabling the two to become indistinguishable, allowing a sense of movement between the comedy, which creates the feeling of relief, therefore heightening the dramatic tension and the tragedy. The Porter in Macbeth enters the stage immediately following the murder of King Duncan. The Porters use of prose as opposed to verse and his frequent crude jokes and poor style of language, coupled with his short appearance and lack of stage space, resulted in him generally being ignored by much earlier critics. However there is layered meanings to this scene, enabling it to be interpreted in a number of ways, for technicality purposes or to further establish the character of Macbeth, and without it, the themes of the play do not hold as much significance. Although the scene is a mere 40 lines long, it is a dividing point of Macbeth, and one of the most debatable scenes in the entire play. The Porter Scene occurs at the start of Act II, and is multi-functional serving both practical technicalities and hidden meanings in the more sinister elements of the play. Shakespeare includes these comic scenes in his plays for a variety of reasons, and they are much more purposeful than merely adding some humour and lightening the mood. The location of this scene adds to the peculiarity of it and defamiliarizes the situation to the audience making events feel out of time and in the wrong space, resulting in possibility for its many interpretations. The scene immediately follows Macbeths offstage killing of Duncan and therefore, in terms of technicalities, without this scene Macbeths dress cannot be shifted nor his hands washed (Capell, 13). This is a very practical reason for the inclusion of the Porter yet minor characters were often included to enable the major characters to fulfil something or to support the actions of the major characters. This also delays the audiences as well as the other characters discovering the murder of King Duncan and therefore enables Macbeth to change his clothes; not only hidden from the audience but also to disguise and prolong the fact that he has committed the murder. However, if these are the solo reasons for the scenes existence a character who causes delay need not to be a drunken porter, (Muir). Therefore there must be a deeper meaning for such a comical character in a drunken state, which despite performing a series of comical actions could be considered as anti-comic. The fact that Macbeths brutal slaying of Duncan immediately precedes his entrance locates the Porter as the true test of comedy that shall awaken thoughtful laughter. (Meredith, 994). Whilst providing comic relief, the scene is also as a transition period for the audience as the action moves from the intensity of the murders to the drama that follows, acting as a paradox to add to the tension not only on stage between the characters but also with the audience. The use of light humour in the porters soliloquy intensifies the suspense as opposed to merely creating humour and increases the effectiveness of the transition which would not have as much meaning if every minute of the play contained violence and intense drama. Although the Porter initially appears as a drunken fool who is nothing more than an idiot, Shakespeare is actually providing the audience with a much deeper understanding of the themes of the play through some of the Porters comments. One reading of the Porter is to take his comments literally and to read him as a porter of Hell Gate (II. i. 3), not just a porter of the gates of Inverness Castle. This then links to the meaning of Hell and whether it is the place he is referring to or Macbeths state of mind. If the purpose of the Porter is to represent the state of Macbeths mind at this vulnerable time, then the Porter can also be seen as taking on the role of Macbeths interrogator. (Chahidi) Macbeth is under a lot of pressu re from both Lady Macbeth and his own guilt and conscience after having killed King Duncan, therefore the Porters talk of hell and damnation are things that will be at the forefront of his mind. The fact that the Porter immediately converts to the role of a regular, drunken porter at Macduff and Lennoxs arrival, may be representative of the dual personality that Macbeth is going to require; the public Macbeth and the private, murderous Macbeth; who has given himself up to the devil due to the amount of evil within him. This representation of the Porter as Macbeths disorderly state of mind may be why he regards his job as a porter of hell-gate. The house has become a house of hell due to it being owned by Macbeth. The Porters drunken stupor, coupled with the fact that the conversation turns to talk of drink and sex upon the arrival of Macduff and Lennox, enables Shakespeare to contrast the Porter with the other characters, including Macbeth, and declaring him to as a character who is of a lower social class and an uneducated member of society. The intensity of Macbeths sins and crimes are also intensified by the Porter whose sins are merely innocent drinking and fornication as opposed to the cold, evil crimes within the castle. The Porters simple vices establish an ethical distance between ordinary humanity and Macbeth. (Harcourt) During his speech, the Porter mentions three professions, a farmer, a tailor, and possibly the most important, the equivocator. The choice of these professions is not a mere coincidence but a result of their importance to the dramatic situation and Macbeths character. The first, .. a farmer that hanged himself on thexpectation of plenty (II. iii. 7-8) parallels Macbeths earlier state of mind in Act 1 Scene VII. He struggles to cope with the amount of evil and the great sin he is committing because of his conscience, and as a result of which, he depends upon his drive and ambition to help him fulfil the evil deed, I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which oerlaps and falls on thother (I. vii. 25-26). It is only his internal drives that lead Macbeth to his downfall; there are no real external necessities or factors causing Macbeth or the farmer to resort to such drastic actions. The inclusion of the tailor and his thieving may relate to the fact that Macbeth is stealing Duncans place on the throne and will be dressed in borrowed robes. (I. iii. 108) This image of clothes is used a number of times throughout the play and is also a recurring symbol in the Porters speech who refers to a French hose. (II. iii. 13) The most important of the professions mentioned by the Porter is evidently the equivocator, that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for Gods sake, yet could not equivocate Heaven. II. iii. 8-9) These words are heavily laden with the element of sin and the treason of the equivocator paralleling the treason of Macbeth murdering the King. At the end of the play, Macbeth will have to pay for his crimes but unlike the equivocator who was able to equivocate Heaven, Macbeths punishment will be eternal. The Porters status as a minor character is justifiable due to his short presence in the play, yet his presence can also be seen as a continuance of the supernatural elements throughout the play. The clown disappears without a word: we might say that he vanishes, like the witches, when his many tasks are complete. (Brown) This interpretation of the Porter as a continuation or product of the witches is intensified in certain productions of the play as some directors have chosen to have the same actor play both the part of a witch as well as the Porter. Very often it is the actors own depiction of the Porter that determines his characteristics resulting in it being interpreted in many different ways. As Shakespeare does not specify how he wants the character to played it may be that this was his original intention. Paul Chahidi who played the role of the Porter as well as one of the witches believed that the Porters speech was included in order to give a voice to all of Macbeths thoughts and imaginings after the murder (Chahidi), which have ironically come about as a result of the witches prophecies, voiced by the same actor. Following an analysis of the character of the Porter and the scene in which he is located, it is evident that this minor character is very important as he is included at such a significant and pivotal point in the play. He serves a much greater purpose than merely making the audience laugh. The introduction of a character such as the porter enables Shakespeare to juxtapose moments of humour with moments of tragedy. Without these elements of humour, the language would not carry the same connotations or meaning, resulting in it being less effective. Macbeth is not the only play to have a minor character; whose presence is so brief that they do not even qualify for an individual name or title; playing such a momentous role and it is especially common in Shakespeares tragedies. These arguments of the purpose of minor characters are also supported by the role of the Clown in Othello who is equally more important and significant than first suggested. The function of the Clown in Shakespeares Othello can also be queried as although it is initially conveyed as a character who provides humour and some comic relief, the poor quality of the jokes and the fact that they result in very little humour, leaves the audience questioning Shakespeares intentions of including a character who initially appears insignificant and useless. The Clown works as a servant in Othellos household and therefore has a dual role as both entertainer and servant. He makes two appearances in the play, the first being in Act 3 Scene I and the second later in the same act, in Scene IV, as opposed to the Porter in Macbeth who only appears in the one scene. However, despite making two appearances the total amount of dialogue spoken by the Clown only equals the equivalent of approximately twelve lines. The Clowns first appearance establishes him in his servant role, defamiliarizing the audiences image and purpose of a clown. However, the way in which these servants duties are performed and his choice of language carrying comic connotations, helps to re-establish him as a clown and therefore a comical character in the play. The Clowns speech is not as straight forward as first appears as Shakespeare has employed the use of puns with almost every statement he makes. The Clowns opening line and introduction to the audience is whilst making a derogatory comment about the musician performance, Why masters have your instruments been in / Naples that they speak I th nose thus? (III. i. 4) This line is suggestive of the comical scene that lies ahead, which is enforced by the imminent need of some humour and comic relief at such an intense point of the play, following Cassio and Roderigos fight. Granville-Barker justified the inclusion of the Clown at this point as being : For relaxation before the tense main business of the tragedy begins we next have Cassio in the early morning bringing musicians to play beneath Othellos window (a pleasant custom, and here what delicate amends! ), to this being added the grosser, conventional japes of the Clown. Granville-Barker). Othellos distaste for the music and the fact that the Clowns entrance evolves around music, relates to Shakespeares conceptions of peace ad agreement in terms of music played or sung in tune, and of disagreement and conflict in terms of music out of tune. (Prager) Othello does not want to be soothed by the tune and therefore does not want any music, showing that he is evidently in a state of disarray. The Clown refers to the music as nasal, reminding the audience of the intensity of the conflict between the characters. The Clown is immediately established as being different to Shakespeares other comical characters. His dialogue is generally directed at other characters on stage without the need for him to soliloquize his speeches, and the puns and innuendos he makes are also aimed at the other characters who in turn respond to the Clown. The response of these on stage characters also helps the audience to further develop their understanding of them, and therefore the role of the clown may not solely be for comical purposes and to provide a sense of relief to the play, but also to further establish the main characters. This is established from the moment the Clown appears and he is left alone with Cassio who asks if Dost thou hear me, mine hones friend? (III. i. 21) and the Clown responds with, No, I hear not your honest friend. I hear you. (III. i. 22) This manipulation of honesty is a central theme in Othello and conveys the use of the Clown as a tool for establishing the other characters to the audience and intensifying the element of irony in the play. If Othello trusted his honest friends as opposed to the dishonest Iago the play would not have such a tragic outcome and the events that unfold would be quite different. Cassios response to the Clown further establishes Cassio himself as someone who does not like humour and is in fact a very serious person, contrasting entirely with the Clown. This serious aspect to Cassios character and his inability to partake in humour may contribute to his actions in later scenes. The Clowns later appearance in Act 3 Scene iv and his exchange with Desdemona, also contains dialogue laden with these puns, which relates to the earlier events, proceeding the speech and continues to emphasise the themes of honesty and lies. Despite the element of humour in this scene; reminding the audience that the main purpose of the Clown is to provide a moment of relief amidst all the tension; the Clowns choice of language and jokes also develops Desdemona as a sentimental, emotional character who is portrayed as nai ve and someone who readily believes what she is told and readily believes those she thinks she can trust. This results in Iago being able to manipulate her so easily. When asked of Cassios location, the Clown states that he dare not say he lies anywhere, (III. iv. and Desdemona takes his statement literally, replying, Why man? (III. iv. 3), again showing her naivety. Although the lying that the Clown is referring to is where Cassio is located, the context in which it is spoken and the earlier representation of the Clown, suggests to have a double meaning relating to telling a lie. The irony of this speech and fact that it is stated in the same sentence as stabbing Cassio, He is a soldier and for one to say a soldier lies, is stabbing. (III. iv. 7) is heightened by the later events in the play when Iago actually stabs Roderigo, a soldier, in Act 5. The way in which the Clown plays with the truth results in it being more believable and effective, enables the audience to understand Shakespeares intentions for what lies ahead and the subtle hints he provides about the events still to come. It is this black humour, which comes about as a result of Shakespeares education in Greek classics and literature that enables the incorporation of comedy or humour into the tragedies, Shakespeare loved Latin and Greek literature. What he had been taught at school he remembered, he improved his knowledge afterwards by reading translations. (Highet) This helps to maintain the attention of the audience and heightens the intensity of the dramatic moments. The use of these two minor characters is to provide elements of humour yet it also evident that the techniques employed by Shakespeare enable them to have a dual purpose. As is the fool in King Lear, who plays a larger role than the Clown and the Porter whilst still maintaining the position of minor character, the voices of these characters speak directly to the audience connecting the events of the play and reminding the audience of any subtle suggestions they may have missed or not understood. Whilst some critics view the insertion of these minor characters and comical elements as interrupting the actions, it can be argued that they in fact add to the tragedy and sinister moments. They are not there purely for comical reasons but to serve a purpose in terms of structure and theatrical necessity (Playnotes). It is through these minor characters that the brief moments of comic relief are seen. No matter how small or what the underlying meanings may be at these points of the plays they still provide a sense of humour and relieve the intensity of the drama.

Essay Sample on Online Music Purchases That Are Legitimate and Affordable

Essay Sample on Online Music Purchases That Are Legitimate and Affordable Free sample essay on Essay on Online Music Purchases: As the internet and it’s rapidly expanding business technology continues rise, the demand for â€Å"easier† ways to purchase is also increasing. The online market encompasses all forms of business from automobile parts to concert tickets. However, one of the most sought after expeditions of the webmasters is a way to sell music to listeners all while avoiding copyright infringement practices. The article I read dealt with this issue directly. Apple Computers has finally made software that allows users to purchase songs by artists for the set price of $1. The listeners also have the ability to purchase entire albums for $10. This has been a huge step because finally full albums are cheaper online than one can find in any music store. Another bonus of the software is that unlike many of its competitor’s versions, the users may use the songs to their liking after download and payment is received. In many of the other programs, the customer’s use of the songs was tracked and they could be held at fault if they burned those files to a recordable device. The program that Apple devised was given the name iTunes Music Store. It can be found at www.applemusic.com. The software also comes with precautionary settings that disallow the users to mass produce CD’s. The program automatically changes the playlist order on the CD after 10 copies have been made as a step to prevent the selling of black market albums. The online program also allows possible buyers to hear crystal-clear 30 second clips of any song before purchasing it. Then, if one chooses to buy, it is no more than a simple click of a â€Å"Buy Song† command button and that file is automatically added to your music collection. As of now, the software deals with 5 major record labels ranging from artists such as Eminem to Fleetwood Mac. It is Apple’s objective to increase their collection significantly in the next year or two, hopefully making online CD purchasing t he standard of buyable media. This software may however create some controversy, much like the illegal music shareware applications out now. Many artists have refused to sign agreements allowing their music to be sold online because many fear that this idea will flop. Although a large collection of artists have already joined the iTunes bandwagon, a dent has hardly been made in converting this popular industry to a strictly-internet based business. The odds are not completely against this software. Many people (mostly those who frequent the no-cost p2p sharing programs such as Kazaa and iMesh) are not ready to begin paying for a product that is so readily available to them with no purchasing involved. There are a huge group of these individuals across the globe and they will indefinitely be the toughest to be gained by Apple as customers. Once this setup begins to become familiar with the common user, and as the illegal programs are ousted for the realm of the WWW, many will most likely be willing to pay this minimal amount for a song of guaranteed excellent quality. This issue is very significant when relating it to the advancements made in the online market in the past few years. Not strictly music, but recently all aspects of business have in the same way been incorporated to an internet-friendly form, making purchasing â€Å"easier† for the consumer. Any individual can now order all types of products online, set reservations for airlines, and even perform all of his/her banking needs without even rising from their comfortably padded computer seat they call â€Å"home†. The music industry’s remarkable jump to the online market may be a sign that life as we know it (such as daily interaction with other individuals) is rapidly changing to a ‘Point, click, and scroll’ society. In conclusion, these steps taken by the Apple organization to devise a truly legitimate music and at the same time affordable, music sharing system may be headed in the right direction. The complexity of the situation lie in a programmer’s ability to keep consumers happy with large search engines and low prices, and at the same time ensuring artists that payouts to them will be definite. We can only sit back and wait to see how successful iTunes, the application with the most promising future in the online music industry, will truly be.

Deviant Globalization in the Movie Syriana Essay

Deviant Globalization in the Movie Syriana - Essay Example Deviant globalization in this context can be seen as not only an economic concept but also a legal and moral one. Mainly since, it progresses at the regulatory and ethical intersections and majorly also exhibited in the inefficiencies of the law enforcements. In this understanding, the arbitrage occurs wherever there is any disagreement on what is considered right in relation to the global markets, it is in such cases that the unscrupulous deviant entrepreneurs fill the gap or meet the demands. It has been proved the processes for deviant globalization often occur in direct contrast to the current global legitimate governing systems. Organ trading, Smuggling, transnational crimes, and drug trafficking have always been existent, but in tandem with the economies and integration markets they have become more globalized in nature. The structure of the global economy is not equi-growth distribution designed. Where there are arbitrages and market failures options, of opportunistic behavior s will affect the incredibly fast growing deviant economies by driving them off balance (Ali, Awdini & Adan, 2009). The people most affected by the deviant behaviors are the governments that have not yet realized that the deviance exhibited in their economies are features that are permanent in globalized nations. ; in that, they are neither to be eliminated or irritant but instead be properly managed through enforced laws and framework regulations. The effects of deviance in globalization can be seen by the way it affects traditional national structures by tearing down and allowing mostly illegal actors to come in and control the created void. Once it has professionalized a deviant industry crack down would only add to promoting unchecked rule and innovation of heir underground enterprises that if unchecked would eventually overwhelm the legitimate countries economy (Pires, 2012). Ignoring the indulgence of locally specified moral codes by policymakers is one way that they can addre ss the deviant globalization issue, since the current policies provide ways for bad actors to take advantage of arbitrages. Having a critical look at their real options policy makers can make better choices. They cannot globalize/universalize both the enforcement capacity/regulations and the underlying moral principle. They will have to either accept that the uneven efforts of imposing them are more likely to lead to profit the illegal traders who through the moral arbitration can take undue advantage or consider putting aside moral principles. Another solution would be on the analysts who view and treat the deviant globalization as a problem that involves the system, in this way they can create varied options for managing its effects, for example through making deviant globalization less harmful and practically speaking about it. They can also encourage the deviant actors or entrepreneurs to exist, as a line of business example requires understanding the local political and legal c onditions. Syriana as seen in the above explanation of deviant globalization helps outline these facts by relating its narrative to current global events while maintaining a position that is non-political. This is done through adopting a multi-perspective approach like intersecting ensemble structure to highlight valid yet competing points on politics on oil, and deliberately impartial tone adoption by the film shown through plot devices and techniques in styles the issue is well addressed. The narrative of the character Bennet Holiday is an example of how the U.S views the oil issue in that it shows the Connex-Killen members argument on why

HRM individual assignment performance management Essay

HRM individual assignment performance management - Essay Example "Corporate Services/Corporate Capability service"- provides solutions such as management of records, facilitation management, carry out the work procedures and policies documentation, develops plans for purchasing and procurement. "Human Resources service"- handles the matters like fraud, grievances and misconduct handling, job designing and evaluating. They take into account Performance management, provide psychometric assessment and sets remuneration benchmarking. It also includes providing a complete strategic human resource management and planning. "Organisational Services"- assist in reviewing the business process, changing the management and bringing the organisational change. Thus they provide a complete solution for business and strategic planning. This service also covers risk management. Recruitment & Selection- the company maintains high standards for recruitment and selection process. They go for different screening technique such as personality test, intelligent quiescent, emotional quiescent, stress test, health test and checking the references. These entire tests are being done to check before hand that will the work force be able to take the work load. Training- the employees who are selected has to be trained so that they can develop the required skill for performing their job. Training is a continuous process. It should be provided as and when required for development of employees. Setting rules and regulation- rules and regulation provide the frame work within which the whole organization has to work. The performance of employee is appraised by comparing against these standards. They make the organization work smoothly and efficiently. Performance appraisal- the performance of the employees has to be appraised. This helps the organization to identify the employees who are performing above average and also helps to identify those employees whose performances are below average level. The management can drill down to find out the reasons behind. If required training and further assistance can be arranged. Career development - management should set the career path and provide proper training as and when required Grievance handling- it is the duty of organization that employee should feel satisfied with their job. They should have the feeling that organization cares for them and if any injustice happens they can easily approach the management and their problem will be solved. Compensation- the management should take care that each employee should be paid as per his/her performance. The

Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Identify nine different reasons why people communicate and give an example for each reason. 1 to express there needs, to explain to people exactly what it is that they need and why. 2. `to share ideas – people learn from each other by sharing ideas this can help resolve a problem or situation. 3. to reassure – if people do not communicate they can feel unsure, it is important to diffuse rumours by communicating effectively with people so that they are sure of a situation, this will have a positive effect on morale. It is also important to re-assure people that you are listening and understand what they are saying. 4. to express feelings – to let people know if you are, happy, sad, angry or confused. It could be that you have mixed feeling or are unsure. 5. to share experiences – a work colleague could share an experience of a similar position/case that you are in/working on. 6. to ask questions – people don’t always give you the answers you need without you asking questions, you can ask open answer questions that require more than a yes or no answer. . socialise – this form of communication is usually relaxed, where you will talk socially to people about things that have happened in your week, or about a holiday or what is in the news. People will laugh and joke together. 8. to build relationships – through communication people get to know each other, there needs and build trust. 9. Information – to pass information between people Identify 5 ways communication can help you in your work and why 1. To enable service users to develop a relationship in which they feel confident to share there thoughts and feeling with you, they feel you are listening to their needs and understand their situation. 2. Effective communication prevents mis-understandings and people know exactly what is expected from them. 3. Supports the development of own needs and knowledge, by talking to work colleagues you can often gain from their knowledge and understanding. 4. Good communication ensures that you understand the needs of others and able you to get the right support plan in place. . to build trust amongst both work colleagues and service users Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions (facial expressions, body language etc) when you are communicating with them Observing an individual’s reaction is important as it will give you an idea on whether the person is interested in the subject matter, if they are lying to cover a blunder, to see if there is a purpose t o the subject you are trying to discuss, to see if they understand, or youre both understanding. If the person is hesitant to answer any questions, or make any comments or questions, he may be showing disagreement or just shy, then you need to coach them into talking. Facial expressions, will show you if they are feeling angry, body language can indicate that a person is adjitated or uncomfortable with a situation, or if they are relaxed and comfortable. Identify twelve barriers to effective communication Language Barrier, Hearing impairment, visual impairment, under the influence of alcohol or drugs, distractions i. e, noise, flashing light, Judgemental statements i. e. Don’t do it that way† or â€Å"your wrong†. Inappropriate language for the age of the person, Learning difficulties, ie ‘unable to read and write, shyness, attitude, people may not List eight ways you can reduce barriers to communication include sources of information and support services Give four examples of how you can check a person has understood what you have communicated? What do es the term ‘confidentiality mean? Give three examples of when confidential information may need to be passed on How do you seek advice regarding confidentiality When would you ask advice about confidentiality

The Devil as Iago in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Sh

The Devil as Iago in Shakespeare’s Othello    One question that has often been debated amongst literary scholars is what could have motivated Iago to set off such a chain of events which accumulated in the horrific amount of death and tragic consequences that occur in William Shakespeare’s play Othello. On the surface, one could artificially assume that Iago was spurred by two reasons to carry out such a malicious and inhumane plan. His anger of being passed over for lieutenantship by Othello in favor of Cassio, coupled with his inclinations that his wife has slept with Othello, drives Iago to partake in dangerous and seemingly insurmountable actions in order to climb up the social ladder and exact revenge on Othello. Chief proponents of this belief that Iago was solely motivated by these two factors would argue that he was simply a Machiavellian-inspired villain who took action only in the devised betterment of himself and his current status. However, when one delves into Iago’s unholy actions and intentions on a deeper level, it is clear that a metaphysical element exists in his character that when revealed is utterly haunting and truly horrific. A more penetrating analysis of Iago shows that he is not only the embodiment of evil but that he is in fact the Devil himself, who is set on destroying everything that is good in the lives of Othello’s characters. A main underlying theme that resides in Othello is Shakespeare’s constant usage of outward appearance as opposed to reality. It is Iago, who in the opening act of the play, makes this clearly obvious to the audience stating "I am not what I am"(1.1.65). Although it is not yet revealed to the audience who Iago really is (i.e. the Devil), this statement is a direct rev... ...o: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957

Criticism of Philosophers

There are many great philosophers who have had many great ideas over the centuries. These philosophers have had their ideas passed down to many people through the centuries, decades, and years. Fredric Nietzsche, Rene Decartes, and Socrates are philosophers that many philosophy students study. However, not everybody likes or agrees with these philosophers philosophies. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the three philosophers’ lives, work, and philosophies. Also, in this paper there will be criticism of each of the philosophers.Let’s begin with a discussion of Socrates. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who taught another Greek philosopher named Plato. Even though Socrates is thought to be a great Greek philosopher, we have none of his writings. Therefore, many Greek scholars are not sure whether what is on the page is what Socrates taught Plato or Plato’s own thoughts. Socrates’ background is interesting, but now let’s talk ab out some of Socrates’ philosophical views. Derek Johnston claims that Socrates thought that there was much good in the world; however he believed that virtue was the ultimate good.Johnston goes on to claim that Socrates firmly believed that no outside source could deprive people of virtue (Johnston, 2006, 11). In short, Socrates was mostly concerned with the branch of philosophy called ethics. Socrates also firmly believed that the quest for knowledge was the most important thing and by obtaining knowledge about things is the only way people become truly virtuous. Johnston also claims that Socrates was also attempting to find the true meaning of ethical words such as â€Å"true†, â€Å"good†, and â€Å"beautiful† using the question and answer method of inquiry.He also held firm that Socrates’ main belief was that knowledge equals virtue which can and is obtained through reason. In fact, Socrates held strongly that any opinion that someone had that wasn’t based on reason should be discarded (Johnston, 2006, 11). Rene Descartes’’ philosophy seemed to be based on doubt and certainty. Decartes began to build his philosophical stance by doubting everything that could be doubted. But, even Decartes believed that there were things that couldn’t be called into question.The things that Decartes believed couldn’t be called into question were his existence and the existence of God. Decartes believed that his existence couldn’t be doubted because he was sitting down thinking about whether or not he existed, among other things. Therefore, he believed that if he doubted things then, he must exist. In other words, Decartes believed he thought therefore he was. He more famously put it as;† I think therefore I am. † The Latin for this saying is Cogito Ergo Sum (Johnston, 2006, 76).This argument is sometimes simply known as Cogito. Decartes also was a rationalist. Rationalists believe that there are things that have to be true and that there are things that have to be false. He also believed in the existence of God. His argument for the existence of God basically says that imperfect beings, which are humans, depend on their existence both beginning and continuing upon a perfect being which is God. In addition, according to Johnston, Decartes believed that minds are separate things from bodies (Johnston, 2006, 77).Both Socrates and Friedrich Nietzsche had a philosophical view that was based on ethics. Nietzsche was big on morality. He wished to locate a materialistic basis for his moral principles. At the beginning of his ethics, he believed that both good and evil were simply ways of illustrating that some actions were good for society and other actions were bad and didn’t benefit society. But, later he thought of good and evil in absolute teams (Johnston, 2006, 142). Nietzsche attacks philosophy from an ethical standpoint; however, he promoted only two sets of ethical values.One ethical value was pride in oneself and ruthlessness and philosophy, music, and poetry. Nietzsche thought there were some good ethical qualities that human beings could achieve however; he believed that all human beings could strive to get the good moral qualities but only a few exceptional human beings could actually get those good moral qualities. According to Johnston, Nietzsche’s noble man will have a cruel will and will sacrifice his fellow men. In addition, his noble man will be both disciplined and cunning in war (Johnston, 2006, 145).Nietzsche’s greatest philosophical view is called the Will to Power. Nietzsche’s Will to Power is the ultimate source of both what is and what will be for human beings. Strong people will be able to get the will to power and weaker people will not be able to get the will to power. According to Johnston, Nietzsche’s will to power allows people’s current moral judgments and values which are the moral judgments and values of society to be washed away forever. Then, and only, then can a new set of pure moral values and judgments emerge (Johnston, 2006, 147).In addition, a hero for Nietzsche is a man who rises above and beyond his fellow humans by the strength and will of his own powers be them physical or mental or both. His hero will never be sorry for his superiority; in fact he should relish and rejoice in it. Compare and Contrast It may seem as if because Socrates, Rene Decartes, and Fredric Nietzsche were born and lived at different times and in different centuries that none of these three philosophers’ philosophical views would have similarities to them. However, there are similarities to these three philosophers’ philosophies.Rest assured that there are differences in these three philosophers’ philosophies, but first let’s focus on the similarities of these three philosophers philosophical viewpoints. Both Socrates and Fredric Nietzsche su bscribe to the school of philosophy called ethics. In fact, according to Johnston, Socrates view of life centered mostly on ethics and ethical concerns (Johnston, 2006, 11). Also, both Socrates and Nietzsche tried to find the real meaning of ethical terms such as good, trust, bad, and beautiful by means of asking questions and getting answers.In fact, Socrates used the question and answer method to inquire into many moral definitions and many moral issues such as justice. Nowhere is this question and answer method of philosophical inquiry more apparent than in Plato’s dialogue called The Republic. In Plato’s dialogue The Republic through Socrates Plato explored both the definition of justice and the concept of justice itself. Plato also talked about what philosophy is and the many types of government that is used to run a state. Plato even talked about what he believed was the best form of government.Both Socrates and Nietzsche believed that there was one thing that wo uld make people virtuous. Socrates believed that possessing knowledge and Nietzsche believed that having the strength of will was the ultimate virtue. In addition, both Socrates and Nietzsche also believed that few people will ever achieve either virtue. These are the only similarities between the three philosophers Descartes, Socrates, and Nietzsche. These three philosophers had more differences between them than similarities. Let’s look at thee differences between them now.

Murderer – creative writing

It was an exquisite day. A 15-year-old boy called Tom who is in year 11 at Charlton high school. Tom is a skinny boy with brown hair and blue eyes. Tom walks to school every school day. As Tom walked he thought back at the day he had yesterday. â€Å"It wasn't bad† Tom said to himself. But there is always something in your self, which says opposite to whatever you say or do. It's of course your mind and it said â€Å"No you didn't you had an awful day yesterday. You killed a man!† Yes, Tom did kill a man and he is called Mr.Diver. It's not because he wanted to kill him it's because he had to if he want to see his mum and dad together. He wanted his mum and dad together since they divorced. They divorced when Tom was very little so he doesn't have that much memory of his mum and dad together. Mr.Diver is Tom's mum's future husband. Tom hated Mr.Diver since he first met him. Mr.Diver is a fat man with hardly any neck. Mr.Diver is a bus driver. If you ask Tom what is his favourite day is he would say Friday because that is the day Tom meets his dad. Mr.Newton is his dad and there is a big difference between Mr.Newton and Mr.Diver maybe this is the reason why Tom hates Mr.Diver. Mr.Newton is a skinny man with long neck. Normally Tom and his dad spend Friday afternoons either playing football or go to a restaurant. In restaurant they talk about what happened during the week. Since Tom heard that his mum is going to marry Mr.Diver he thought he must stop this marriage if he doesn't his dreams will be shattered. So he planned to kill Mr.Diver. He came up with a brilliant plan. The plan was to kill Mr.Diver when he comes around Tom's house. But there shouldn't be anyone in Tom's house apart from Tom and Mr.Diver. The day came when Tom's mother told Tom and Mr.Diver that they have to stay alone. That night Tom made a plan that he is going to stab Mr.Diver and he kept things normal as possible. He didn't make sudden movements or speak to Mr.Diver too much because he never speaks to Mr.Diver normally. Tom kept penknives in his pocket and waited for exact moment to come. The moment came when Mr.Diver asked Tom if he want something to eat? Tom thought that when Mr.Diver is preparing the food he could go behind him and stab him. â€Å"Do you want anything to eat Tom?† asked Mr.Diver again. â€Å"Can I have a sandwich please?† said Tom. â€Å"I'll make one quickly,† said Mr.Diver. When Mr.Diver went to the kitchen to make a sandwich Tom went quietly behind him. Tom stopped near the kitchen door for a few seconds and took two penknives out. Tom saw that Mr.Diver is showing his back to him so Tom seized the chance and walked behind Mr.Diver and stabbed him once in the back and once in the neck. Tom put the body in Mr.Diver's car, which was a bit far away from Tom's house so it would look like when Mr.Diver got on the car someone stabbed him. When his mum Tom said nothing he just watched TV. â€Å"Where's Mr.Diver?† asked Tom's mum. â€Å"Oh he left already,† said Tom. â€Å"You should go to bed,† said Tom's mum. â€Å"Why what is the time?† asked Tom. He wants to keep things as normal as possible. â€Å"It's ten,† said Tom's mum. â€Å"Ok,† said Tom. At school Tom didn't concentrate on anything apart from Mr.Diver. He wanted to find out if the police had found it out. Third lesson the receptionist came and asked Tom to take his things and come with her and Tom knew that it was about Mr.Diver. His mum was in the reception and she said Tom to come with her and tom asked why and she said that she'd tell him on the way. â€Å"Why did you come to the school? What's wrong? â€Å"Mr.Diver is dead,† said Tom's mum â€Å"Who did a such a terrible thing?† asked Tom. â€Å"That's what police trying to find out. He was found in his car stabbed and the police things that someone tried to steal his car and didn't succeed so they killed him,† said Tom's mum. Tom was about to ask why didn't they take the car but he thought better leave it. When he and his mum came to their house they saw that the police was in. â€Å"Don't worry they just taking photos of the scene,† said Tom's mum. Tom now felt that his next step was to tell his father what happened and say to him that he should speak to Tom's mum and tell her exactly what happened and the reason for Tom to kill Mr.Diver and Tom believed by this his mum and dad would come together. The following Friday Tom met his dad and his dad asked him what happened to Mr.Diver and Tom told him exactly what happened and told him to say to his mum. His dad told him that he will talk to her and advised him to don't kill any one again. The following day when Tom woke up he saw that his dad was with his mum and his mum was crying and asked Tom â€Å"Why did you do this? You should've told me that you don't like Mr.Diver and you shouldn't have killed Mr.Diver† † I'm sorry mum,† said Tom â€Å"Now on we'll forget what happened in the past and thing of what will happen in future,† said Tom's dad.

The Oppressors and Heretics of Animal Farm

The Oppressors and Heretics of Animal Farm Free Online Research Papers Animal Farm is a political allegory written by George Orwell and about the animals taking over the farm, which was originally owned by a human. Albert Camus quoted, â€Å"Every revolutionary ends up either by becoming an oppressor or a heretic.† There are always two types of revolutionaries: revolutionaries who want to have power and revolutionaries who just want the happiness of people. Camus’s quote is very true, because there are great examples like Napoleon, Snowball and the other animals in this book. In Animal Farm, Napoleon and the pigs became oppressors and Snowball and the other animals became heretics. The quote by Albert Camus explains that a revolutionary could become an oppressor. In Animal Farm, Napoleon and the pigs became oppressors. There are many evidences in the book. After the rebellion, all animals had to work in the farm and fields. However, the pigs believed that they were the smartest among all the other animals, so they insisted that they should not work in order to work with their brain for Animal Farm, which they said is very tiring. Also, when the cows had to be milked, the pigs milked them and drank the product themselves, not sharing with the other animals. In addition, apples were reserved for the pigs only. After Napoleon became the leader of the Animal Farm with Snowball, Napoleon wanted to have the whole control of the Animal Farm to himself. So Napoleon used his privately raised dogs to run after Snowball and expelled him. After Snowball got expelled, Napoleon began the windmill plan, which was originally planned by Snowball, even though he was against it w hen Snowball came up with this idea. Also, he oppressed other animals to fulfill his desire. He executed the hens and other animals for contacting with Snowball. As the time pass, he became more and more like humans. For example, he drank alcohols that he got from selling Boxer to the horse slaughterer. The next day, he got a hung over and the pigs thought that Napoleon was dying. They began to get used to Mr. Jones’s possessions. They slept in beds and wore clothes which weren’t allowed by the original seven commandments. However, the pigs began to change the seven commandments. At the end, the commandments became â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others,† which actually means that the pigs are better than other animals. The pigs abused their power for their own good. The quote by Albert Camus also explains that a revolutionary could end up becoming a heretic. Even though all pigs abused their power, Snowball was way better than the other pigs. He ended up becoming a heretic. There are various evidences of Snowball becoming a heretic. He worked very hard for the animals and didn’t abuse his power compared to Napoleon and the other pigs. For instance, he flung himself to Mr. Jones during the battle of Cowshed even though he got shot by Mr. Jones and got a bloody streak on his back. Also, he planned the windmill project so that the animals could have better lives. However, Napoleon expelled him by abusing his power. He made fierce dogs chase Snowball out of the farm, which was unfair for Snowball. Napoleon made the animals think that Snowball was an awful leader, even though what Snowball did was to make the Animal Farm better. Other than the pigs, there are many revolutionaries behind the rebellion. Most of the animals participated in the rebellion against Mr. Jones. After the rebellion, they all worked very hard for their farm. They had to harvest rice and work on the windmill project. Among all the animals, Boxer was the hardest working animal in the farm. His two personal mottos were â€Å"Napoleon is always right† and â€Å"I will always work harder.† Boxer came out to work an hour earlier than other animals and went back to the farm an hour or more later than others. One day, he worked to his limit and collapsed. The pigs told the animals that Boxer was being sent to a hospital, but they were actually selling him to a horse slaughterer. Benjamin, a close friend of Boxer, knew that he was sent to a horse slaughter but he couldn’t do anything. Boxer was the hardest working animal in the farm, but was sent to a horse slaughter instead of getting compensation. In conclusion, Napoleon and the pigs abused the power for their own good and Snowball and other animals did not. Therefore, animals except the pigs were working really hard and starving, not enjoying the fact that Mr. Jones is not ruling them. Just like Albert Camus quoted, every revolutionary in the Animal Farm became either an oppressor or a heretic. 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Autobiography Essays

Autobiography Essays Autobiography Essay Autobiography Essay Doc lai xem co dung voi may khong. Tao dua vao 1 bai o tren mang vat hay doi theo y cua tao 1 so cho. To Whom It May Concern: I am very pleased to recommend Pham Thi Thanh Hoi studying at Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Hanoi University of Technology in Vietnam for admission to Institute of Mechanical and Electro â€Å" Mechanical Engineering of your National Formosa University. As her guidance counselor for three years I have watched this young woman develop both academically and personally into a mature individual ready in every way for her higher education years. Thanh Hoi is bright, energetic, compassionate and genuinely well rounded. Her grades have been consistently above good in all of her subjects, and she has actively participated in a diverse assortment of extracurricular activities such as Green Summer Campaign, Cultural Exchange, Charity and Education Conferences. Unlike many students who are not sure which field to pursue, Thanh Hoi has made clear to us all that her goal is to study the field of Machinery deeply and comprehensively. To this end she has worked tirelessly in our university program and now she would like to enter your university to continue her passion. It is clear to me as I hope it is to you that this young woman, Pham Thi Thanh HOi, is an exceptional candidate, one that would contribute greatly to any program. I wholeheartedly recommend her and wish her the very best in all future endeavors. Yours sincerely, Associate Professor/ Doctor Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan (ghi vi tri cua co giao vao: vi du nhu Truong khoa hay gi do) Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam

Italian SME footwear company (Supply Chain and Logistics Management) Assignment

Italian SME footwear company (Supply Chain and Logistics Management) - Assignment Example The firm therefore adapted the use of third-party logistics functions. In the modern business age, the global environment has become very competitive requiring companies to deal with several different sources so as to ensure customer satisfaction as well as their own success. Such competitiveness is what has called for strategic plans such as use of third party logistics providers (Rodrigo 2012: 12).With such an approach, one has to look at both the benefits and disadvantages of the approach. In covering the benefits, it isnecessary to evaluate whether such decisions would be easily assimilated by the company.That is, issues such as product availability, labor force, meeting of customer expectations the third party logistics capabilities would have to be considered, amongst others that may arise in the process.Supply chains do not only involve materials, logistics, ICT and facilities but also include people in charge of operations or people involved in the chain operations. Thus, a m anufacture should always consider â€Å"supplying people† when designing the supply chain. That is, considering the right human expertise in the supply chain. Question 1 In analysis and evaluation of the Baldinini srl strategy, major focus will be on the effect towards the company’s performance. ... ms of inventory management, Baldinini stands a chance of lowering costs associated with storage, moving in and out of their products into the inventory. Most of all, the company is lifted off the burden of tax accumulation generated by increasing value of products included in the inventory. It becomes way affordable and manageable to hire a 3pl provider. In terms of company and customer relationships, the end receivers of Baldinini products fail to realize the company, this works negatively for Baldinini. Question 2 Traditionally, several companies have seen their advantage in competitiveness as a derivative from their product or services that they provide. With time, however this has changed as products and services become replicated by the day (Keifer, 2012).This possesses a greater risk of competing with counterfeits causing companies to shutter in their own market place. Several companies now no longer see their competitive advantage as a result of their products and services but as a result of how they run their businesses (Keifer, 2012). Supply Chain Management (SCM) plays a specific role in meeting customer demands, developing strategies, proper management of inventory, control of production orders and also maximization of customer fulfillment. One fundamental of SCM is the SCM Objectives. Supply chain management aims to meet rising customer demands or increase it in target markets. It also includes optimization of the supply chain with as minimum cost as possible, Nitl (2008).This approach maintains that a company should clearly understand their customer needs and also have a clear view of their market place. By having the objectives figured out, a company already possesses upper hand in the market place.By doing so, a company eliminates unnecessary activities

Religions in American Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religions in American - Research Paper Example For instance, bodily illnesses that characterize Wilson’s mother health, which almost prove to her young daughter otherwise contrary to what she has grew up believing (Wilson 87). In most cases, these predicaments and numerous mysteries, which young people cannot comprehend when they come of age, prompt them to lose their faith and abandon creeds, which they grew up believing. Hence, result to embracing other new modes of creeds that seem to offer them the necessary immediate comfort or answers to what is puzzling them (Wilson 87). This study seeks to expound much about varied stages of developments as well as certain life’s issues that prompt one to change what he or she has all through since childhood believed (Wilson 87). Spiritual life is barely discussed in early childhood development (Gordon & Kathryn 502). Little consideration on religion development psychologically on a child leads to a person who advocates for secular and humanist perspective of human behavior (Antonia 25). Participation in religious activities is thought to be a way of avoiding numerous society vices for instance, adolescent pregnancy, drug and substance abuse as well as self-esteem among children (Antonia 25). There are varied reasons why parents tend to ensure their children associate themselves with the religion they believe and see is best for their spiritual development (Antonia, 25). For instance, some parents claim that without a shared religion between the parents and children, a child will fail to feel and enjoy the connection with his or her family. Children tend to deal with religion in varied ways at diverse stages of their development. In this case, it is significant for the parents to ensure their children associ ate themselves with specific religions from a tender age but as they grow, the parents should tolerate different views from their children towards certain denominations or regions, which they may seem to have interest in based on their understanding (Antonia, 25). Mostly, this occurs because as the children grow they tend to realize that norms, beliefs and faith associated with the religion they were introduced to at their early childhood, are absurd and cannot apply in the their daily lives (Wilson 344). As they also grow, they meet and interact themselves with varied people of diverse creeds in places like schools or work, hence get influenced towards certain creeds or denominations. The child may find the new religion, which parents introduced them is in accordance to their besides other norms. Based on James Fowler’s stages of faith theory, stage I Intuitive-Projective faith is the fantasy-filled, and is imitative phase. In this level, the child can be powerfully and perm anently influenced by examples, moods, actions or stories of the visible faith (Neuman, 44). This is via interacting with the adults who influences their behaviors and what they seem to hold as true in their lives (Neuman, 44). This stage usually occurs among the children aged between three to seven years and encompasses unending thoughts patterns by the child (Neuman 44). In this stage, the child usually develops mutual relationship with the caregiver (Neuman 45). The quality of relations and teachings of religion passed in this stage tend to affect one’s future religiously (Neuman 48). In league with forms of knowing dominated by perception, imagination in this stage is extremely productive of long-lasting images and feelings (positive and negative) that later, more stable and self-reflective valuing and thinking will have to order and sort out (Neuman 46). This is the stage of first

Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin - Essay Example Georg Simmel lived in Berlin the most part of his life, and this fact of his biography predetermined his views on modern urban life. In his best-known essay, The Metropolis and Mental Life Simmel â€Å"analyzes individual life in the context of modern, metropolitan life, contrasting the social forces and structures of urban life with those of traditional rural and small town settings†. In this work, Georg Simmel underlined that in conditions of the modern city and urban society an individual can successfully develop his skills and abilities, as the economic and political situation of modern and post-modern community promotes individual freedom and flexibility. But in the other hand in modern urban society an individual is under pressure of numerous factors and restrictions, as â€Å"the metropolis is a site or location for social life where the larger structures, forms of contact, and forces such as the money economy threaten ‘the autonomy and individuality’ of t he individual†. So, the situation in modern urban cities leads to the new politics of vision, when an individual has to perceive everything from the point of view of modern urban experience. Simmel underlined that â€Å"the city conspires to erase difference by assaulting the individual with an overwhelming and never-ending stream of visual stimuli†. This vision is inherent to the spacing theory of scientific rationalism, modern and post-modern experience which fills the space with giant cubic forms suppressing the consciousness of people and their freedom. Simmel asserted that "the urban eye must see fast and understand at a glance while walking among the crowd" (Erickson, 2001). All these features form a certain type of people living in large cities in post-modern urban atmosphere. In Simmel's opinion, our society consists of individuals who interact with each other, and this interacting forms features and specificity of our society: "While there is no perception of s ociety until individuals begin to interact, once formed by the interaction of individuals, the society affects the individuals as an outside force" (Crow Ch., et al., 2000). So, taking into account the modern development of such communication means as telephone, telegraph and the Internet one can say that our society has high level of interactions, and, according Georg Simmel, we have high level of social development. He also underlined that post-modern urban life destroyed differences, and people try to make differences inside themselves: "Precisely because conditions conspire to destroy difference, however, the individual feels herself driven to cultivate uniqueness and have it noticed" (Byram, 2002). Walter Benjamin's position is reflected in his main works The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction and Arcades Project. Benjamin considered modern urban

Common man Essay Example for Free

Common man Essay At one level, the thesis is then just another callow compromise by the author in a life that he would call hollow, servile, and insincere. He is a weak and miserable man. Early in life, he was instilled with the desire to live according to what Bolles (1985) referred to as the three boxes of life, a desire that most middle-class parents bequeath to their children in the developing world. The three boxes of life being: foreign Western education, or rather training; high paying professional work in the West or the Middle East; and lastly a cushy retirement plan in North America and/or Europe, or a dollar-indexed pension to be paid in the home country. In other words, to borrow the incisive language of Malcolm X, my social milieu spoke to me in the following way: try to change your status from that of a field slave in the developing world to a house slave in a developed country so that you are of more use to the master and get to live a relatively comfortable life. On no account are you to forge a common cause with your fellow field slaves and work towards a new reorganization of the plantation so that all can live with dignity. You are, of course, allowed to be compassionate towards the lower orders, give charity, and urge them to be like you in the lust to emulate the master. Thus, I came to view myself as a rat, in all senses of the word, and my country as a sinking ship. Foreign education was the life boat on which I could get out of the ship and serve with a smile those very institutions and interests that had boarded and scuttled not only my ship but many others like it. As for those drowning in the decks below, the thought never really entered my mind. I now freely admit that I could not escape the clutches of the first box even when I became aware that I would be serving the very interests that were antithetical to what I thought represented the best in humanity. My ensnarement was due not so much to the strength of the box but to some path dependency processes which were accentuated largely by my own weaknesses, an unhealthy craving for wealth and status, and, lastly, craven cowardice that has made me so far, to quote Hamlet, ‘bear the ills we have than fly to those that we know not of.’ The jury is still out on the second and third boxes though. I hope the thesis will help me make my escape from them.

Diabetes in the UK Essay -- Research Essays Medical Health Diabetics

Diabetes in the UK Synopsis: Diabetes has recently become a focal point of health care systems around the world due to its high prevalence and the severity of secondary complications caused by the disease. Over the course of my project on diabetes, I have had the opportunity to speak with a group of diabetics to understand from a patient’s perspective how diabetes is managed in a rural community. While I found that while some patients ignored treatment and refused to make any dietary changes, the majority of the patients I interviewed were well-informed and actively managing diabetes in their everyday life. Background on Diabetes: Throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, between 2 and 3 of every 100 people have a known form of diabetes (DTC, 2004). What is diabetes? Explained simply, it is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. In the normal state of glucose function, there is a stable release and uptake of glucose, regulated by two hormones produced in the pancreas, glucagon and insulin. There are two distinct mechanisms which give rise to the abnormal blood glucose levels seen in patients with type I and type II diabetes. In type I diabetes, a deficiency in insulin production at the pancreas results in elevated blood glucose levels due to the lack of hormonal regulation. In type II diabetes, although the pancreas produces regular levels of insulin, the body resists the effect of insulin, inhibiting the ability of insulin to break down glucose in the blood. Because of the inherent differences in the biochemical mechanisms of these two diseases, the characteristics associated with type I and type II diabetes are very different. The typical onset of type I diabetes is usually ... ...gnosed with diabetes, with an estimated further 1 million people remaining undiagnosed, and by 2010 this number is predicted to more than double to 3 million (Department of Health, 2001). Clearly, diabetes is a disease that will inevitably pose huge economic burdens for nationalized health service in the future. I hope that with the increase in diabetes and complications associated with the disease will not prevent the NHS from continuing to provide the kind of comprehensive support that I hope someday my own country will emulate. Works Cited: DTC Primary Care Training Center. 2004. Diabetes Management in Primary Care (a handbook), West Yorkshire Department of Health. 2001. National service framework for diabetes: standards. London: HMSO Frooqui, A. and Vora, J. 2004. The changing role of primary care in the management of diabetes. Prescriber, 19: 11-21

Grimshaw V. Ford Motor Company Essay

Facts: 1. Ford developed a new model, later to be known as the pinto, changing the design drastically. 2. Ford discovered that the fuel tanks position was in a ‘vulnerable place’ and the car failed to met crash safety standards. 3. Ford was aware of the small cost to help the fuel tanks meet standards but refused to use them due to the slight delay in production that might occur and approved production of the prototype. 4. A 1972 Ford Pinto was involved in a rear ending when it unexpectedly stalled causing the care (presumably the fuel tank) to burst into flames. 5. A Mrs. Lilly Gray was died as result and her son 13 year-old Richard suffered severe and permanently disfiguring burns to his face and entire body. Legal Procedure/History: 1. Grimshaw sued the Ford Motor Company for punitive damages. 2. Grimshaw awarded damages in the amount of about $3.5 million. 3. Ford appeals punitive damages. 4. Appeal is denied and decision to award punitive damages up held. Issues (Holdings): 1. Did Ford exhibit â€Å"malice† which is necessary to establish in order to award punitive damages? (Yes) 2. The punitive damages awarded are too high for current Californian law, is this unlawful? (No) Reasoning: 1. Malice has been also interpreted to mean â€Å"a conscious disregard of the probability that the actor’s conduct will result injury to others.† 2. Although higher than monetary penalties under government regulations, the punitive damages are to prevent firms in the future from disregarding safety and possible negative consequences. Rule of Law: 1. The primary reason for having and awarding punitive damages is to â€Å"punish and deter the conduct by wrongdoers and others.† Your Response: I completely agree with the decision. Questions 1. Punitive damages were awarded due to the fact that Ford was found to have acted with malice in regards to their production of the Pinto. It has been also interpreted to mean ‘a conscious disregard of the probability that the actor’s conduct will result injury to others.† And this is exactly what Ford did when they disregarded the fuel tank findings and refused to add the safety precautions to the fuel tank. Although higher than monetary penalties under government regulation, the punitive damages were high in order to set an example so that firms in the future would be deterred from disregarding safety and possible negative consequences when producing their products. 2. Although the cost is higher than the saving in the short run I believe it would be to Ford’s benefit to take on the cost of adding the additional safety measures due to the fact that in the long run with more and more deaths attributed to what could be called the ‘greedy, callous’ nature of Ford, sales could decrease. By absorbing the $137.5 million and allowing the public to know of Ford’s action (due to our concern over their safety) could possibly generate a good amount of future sales. On the other hand should the public discover that deaths could have been prevented public trust in the company could decline causing Ford’s sales to suffer the same fate. 3. First the actual cause of Holmes accident should be verified, if it was indeed due to the tires, then yes he should be allowed to appeal for a trial. 4. First of all, even though they bare the heaviest blame (in my opinion) they weren’t the only ones responsible for the advancement of the Pinto’s design. Putting them in jail would just make way for Ford to replace them with others who could potentially make the same decision. It would also be sending the message to other firm’s officers to make sure that they aren’t the ones holding the bag at the end of the day. This only put a few in the industry on guard. Having the entire company pay punitive damages causes the entire industry to be on guard and makes all within the company liable. On the other hand, having to pay such exorbitant amounts could potentially cause a company to go out of business or cause them to downsize (fire employees to save money) effecting all that work there, whether or not they were involved in the design and decision making process. (I.e. they could fire janitors that work at their offices.)