Nebosh Igc free essay sample

It is  useful  for candidates to remember the following: ACTION VERB MEANING Define Provide a generally  recognised or accepted  definition Describe Give a  word picture Explain Give a clear  account of, or reasons for Give Provide without  explanation (used normally  with  the instruction to ‘give  an  example [or examples] of ’) Identify Select and name ACTION VERB MEANING List Provide a list  without explanation Outline Give the most important features of (less depth than either ‘explain’ or ‘describe’, but more depth than ‘list’) Sketch  Provide a simple line  drawing using labels to identify specific features State A less  demanding  form  of ‘define’,  or  where  there is  no generally  recognised definition. Of all of these action  verbs  it is usually found that ‘outline’ is the one candidate’s have the biggest problem  with. As a  consequence  this  will  be  of particular focus  in this publication. Length of  Answers This is a really  difficult point to answer,  as the expected length of some  answers  will  be  longer  than others. As a general  guide, for the long  answer question  on an  examination paper, it should take  the  candidate about 25 minutes to answer, and  equate to  around one and a half pages (between  170 and 250  words). Pass Guarantee No-one can  100%  promise a  pass to  candidates, but by  following the guidance  given  here  and  that given  to   candidates in  the learning  sessions that they  attend, including home  study a  comfortable pass  should not be difficult to obtain. However, candidates should never give just  enough effort to obtain a pass, they need to aim for  a credit or higher. Paper 1 – IGC 1 The Management of International Health and Safety Outline  Ã‚  which  factors to consider  while carrying  out   the risk assessment Factors to identify: †¢ Competence  of  person  doing  the assessment – the person  undertaking the risk  assessment  must ossess the right competencies especially  that of knowing  their  own ability  to  be able  to  recognise the risks that may  be present. †¢ Activities being  undertaken  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the crucial first  step of risk assessment. A tour  of  the  work  area  being assessed is essential. 4 †¢ Hazards involved – Only  significant hazards, which could result in serious harm to people should be identified. Trivial hazards can be ignored. †¢ Likelihood and  severity  of the harm that may  be caused †¢ Number  of  employees exposed  and  exposure frequency  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Employees and  contractors  who work at the  workplace  are  the most obvious groups at risk. However, there may  be  other roups  who  spend time  to  time  on  site  i. e. maintenance  workers, members of the public, etc. There are  also  special  groups that require particular attention, examples here include expectant mothers,  young people,  persons  with disabilities, etc. †¢ Competence  of  persons carrying  out  activities  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ tied in  with  the above  the competences  of the persons engaged  on  work  tasks needs to be consi dered, have they  been  trained, is  retraining required, etc. †¢ Evaluation  of existing control  measures – During most risk assessments it  will  be noted  that some of the risks  posed  by  the hazard  have already been addressed and  controlled. The effectiveness  of these controls needs to  be assessed so  that an  estimate of the residual risk (that left after existing controls have  been considered) can be made The goal  of risk assessment being to  reduce all residual risks  to as low  a level as reasonably practicable Explain  Ã‚  what  is required  for  the assessment to be ‘suitable and sufficient’ Here there are a number  of  considerations to be made, these  will include: †¢ It should identify  the significant risks arising  out of the work  activity †¢ It should  identify  and  prioritise  the  measures  that need to be taken to comply  with relevant statutory (legal) provisions It should be  appropriate to the  nature of the  work †¢ It should remain  valid  for  a reasonable  period of time Identify  Ã‚  the various circumstances that may  require the risk assessment to be reviewed  at a later  date There are   a range of circumstances that require  a review  of  a risk  assessment  to be  undertaken, some of these  will  include: †¢ Changes to  work processes or  methods †¢ Introduction  of any new  plant or process †¢ Changes to  production scale,  being  output levels, hours  worked, shift working †¢ New  information on  hazardous substances or processes. This may cam to light from manufacturers  MSDS,  web research, trade nnouncements, etc †¢ Accidents or ill-health becoming apparent  from investigations  made say following absence reviews †¢ Results of monitoring, inspections, audits  and health surveillance  of the  workplace concerned, or similar  work situations elsewhere †¢ Changes in  legislation or accepted best practice †¢ Changes affecting personnel i. e. disabilities, young persons  and pregnancy †¢ At routine  intervals  i. e. 6  monthly or yearly reviews Outline  pos sible consequences of not achieving good standards of health and safety. Recognition  of  the financial  and  legal implications  of   poor health and  safety  performance  should  be utlined, and include the following considerations: †¢ Costs of accidents and ill-health in terms of  lost production †¢ Loss of key personnel due to  accidents and  or ill health or even  leaving the  company for  safer environments (next point) †¢ Replacement  staff costs to cater for those off work due to ill health or injury  or those leaving the business to  go  elsewhere  for  fear  of their  health and safety †¢ Investigation costs relating  to accidents and incidents are a  lot higher than  management  and others realise †¢ Higher insurance premiums  will  result if  the claims  history or risk  rating  of the  company  is adverse †¢ Equipment/plant damage and  replacement costs †¢ Legal  defence  costs that need  to be  paid in  order for a defence to be made  by  the organisation †¢ Fines for breaches of health  and safety compliance †¢ Possible imprisonment of persons at various levels  for not  adhering to the required  level of legislative compliance i. e. duty of care. †¢ Product  quality could be  affected, as persons who feel that  they  are not being suitably protected  will  not have  the  same  degree  of  care 5 as those that feel their health  and safety  is  being considered †¢ Resource allocation –  if adequate  resources  are not allocated to health and  safety  then there is very likelihood deficiencies  will  arise  which may include non compliance  with recognised legislative and best practice standards †¢ Public and  employee  relations A machine operator is involved in an  accident by coming  into contact  with  a  dangerous  part of a machine,  describe: 1. The possible immediate causes †¢ Inadequate or  non-existent safety  devices that  allow  access to  the dangerous parts of equipment †¢ Poor housekeeping resulting  in slip  and trip type  incidents into the machinery †¢ Loose clothing  becoming entangled †¢ Machine malfunction †¢ Operator error  and non conformance  with  a safe system of  work 2. The possible root (underlying)  causes †¢ Inadequate training  of the operator †¢ Inadequate information  / instruction  / supervision †¢ Poor maintenance such  as the non- replacement of guards following machine service †¢ Inadequate risk  assessment  that did not consider all the  significant risks †¢ Personal factors – stress, fatigue and the influence  of drugs and alcohol †¢ Poor management systems  not  properly allowing  effective health  and safety management of  the  workplace  /  workforce †¢ Ineffective supervision either in terms of competency  or  numbers (scope of control) †¢ Selection of  personnel not being appropriate to the  work expected Selection  of correct equipment not  being suitable and  sufficient for the purpose intended. Identify  EIGHT  informative  sources that  may  be consulted  while developing a safe system of  work. The  candidates here nee d  to  be  quite specific †¢ Statutory  instruments –  including legislation  and supporting regulations †¢ Approved Codes of Practice – ACoP’s †¢ HSE or municipality guidance †¢ Manufacturers’ information †¢ European  and  other official  standards †¢ Industry  and trade literature, trade association guidance, etc †¢ Results of risk  assessments †¢ Analysis of  accident  statistics,  accident investigations, enquiries †¢ Investigation  and  analysis  of  health  surveillance records †¢ From the employees involved  via conversation, consultation †¢ Enforcement agencies (municipalities, government  departments and or their agencies) and other experts Outline  Ã‚  reasons  why verbal  communication  may  not be clearly understood by  an  employee Reminder This  is  another outline  question  which should  give  reasoned answers  by  way  of examples and  not  just a  simple list. Reasons should  include: †¢ Noise  and distractions may  mean that persons are unable to clearly  hear  what  is being said †¢ Use  of technical  jargon  may mean  that people mis-understand the information  being ommunicated †¢ Complexity of information sometimes meets  with the information  receivers turning their minds off and  not listening as they  do  not understand  what is trying to be communicated †¢ Com munication  is ambiguous †¢ Language /  dialect barriers  is  a big problem  in some regions,  both from  the  communicator  or  the receiver, sometimes the same  words  have different meanings or implications †¢ Sensory  impairment for  example a  receiver having a  hearing deficiency or  the  communicator having a serious stammer †¢ Mental difficulty may mean  the receiver is  not capable  of absorbing information to any  extent †¢ Lack of attention by  persons clearly  not interested in the topic †¢ Inexperience of  persons not used to having  to receive information at  work i. e. young  workers †¢ Lengthy  communication chains  may  be  a problem is translations  are required  covering  several 6 languages  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  sometimes  a  problem in  the  Middle East for example. Identify  Ã‚  the  factors that could place  a  greater risk  of   accidents at  work on  young persons. †¢ Lack of knowledge †¢ Lack of  experience †¢ Lack of training †¢ Physical  development of the individual †¢ Nature of  young  persons to take risks †¢ Peer group pressures  in  young persons  is generally  greater than  that of  more  experienced ndividuals Outline  Ã‚  possible measures  to minimise  the risks to young persons  at  work †¢ Risk assessment that  is  specific to  young persons given the considerations to a. above †¢ Induction  training is good to get the  young person focused  on safety  at the  earliest stage in  an organisation †¢ On the  job  induction  reinforces the  initial induction  training  exercise  and embeds  safety  in the mind of the  young person †¢ Careful supervision by  experienced  and responsible  workers is key to  ensuring the  young person remains focused on  safety  as part  of his normal work †¢ Specific health  surveillance  given the  still eveloping nature of the  young person  when considering some  work processes †¢ Clear  lines of  communication  ensures that  the young person  does not have  to  guess  who to communicate  with  of particular topics †¢ Restriction  on  type  of  work and hours  worked as determined  by  local,  national  or international conditions The Reporting  of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences: List  FOUR  types of major  injury  which  normally requires reporting under national legislation reference to the above regulation †¢ Fractures (other  than fingers, thumbs and toes) †¢ Amputation †¢ Loss of sight (including  temporary) †¢ Broken bones †¢ Electrocution requiring resuscitation †¢ Hospitalisation  overnight or  for more than 24 hours †¢ Fatal injuries  are a  special  case and  DO  NOT come under the definition of ‘major injury’ . Outline  procedures for reporting a  major injury  to the appropriate authority Local  / National  legislation  outlines the  reporting requirements, these may vary  slightly  from country  to country, but they  would  normally contain  information on: †¢ Who reports accident and how †¢ Notification by  quickest means possible (usually telephone or fax)  within no  more than 24  hours †¢ Use of appropriate form F2508 in the UK, UAE forms contained in Federal  Law  Number  8 of 980 and Ministerial Decision  32 of 1982  within  7 days of incident Define  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœergonomics’ Candidates should note  that there are many acceptable  definitions, any  of  the following  would be deemed appropriate: a)  Ã‚  The study of the interaction  between  workers and the work  environment b)  Ã‚  Making  the job or task fit the person c)  Ã‚  The study  of how  people interact  with  machinery or equipment within the  workplace d)  Ergonomics  is  the application of  scientific information concerning  humans to the  design  of objects, systems and environment for human use e)  Ã‚  Fitting the  job  to the  people  who  have to  do it,   through the design of equipment and  procedures